“Washington Can’t Have it Both Ways: Tariffs on Allies and the China Trade War” > 공지사항

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By Yoojin Kim, Industry News Reporter
Editor’s note: This is a full transcript of the interview published exclusively by the Kyunghyang Daily News. Excerpting the entire or any part of the text without consulting the interviewee or the editor is strictly prohibited.
(Click here for Korean version)
Q. In your recent New York Times op-ed, you argued that China may be the ultimate winner of intensifying U.S.-Canada trade conflict.
A. There are lot of trade wars going on right now. Most of them were initiated by President Trump, and most do not make much sense. The one trade war that does need to be fought right now is to deal with China’s growing market dominance across a lot of sectors. Part of the response has got to be the U.S. working with like-minded countries that have the same concerns with China, and getting them to do similar things toward China, whether raising tariffs, using subsidies, or industrial policy.
Right now we’re renegotiating the trade agreement with Canada and Mexico, and President Trump’s focus seems to be, through the use of his tariffs, to get more manufacturing in the U.S., even at the expense of manufacturing in Mexico, and especially Canada. However if you take away all manufacturing from Canada‘s automobile sector, by puting tariffs on Canadian cars, auto parts, steel, and aluminum, Canadian consumers would not want to buy more expensive cars built in America, without benefits in terms of local parts or assembly. They are just going to buy the cheaper vehicles from China.
Unless you allow other partners to have some benefits of the manufacturing sector too, they will not go along with our plan on China. China has 1.4 billion consumers, but the U.S. only has 340 million. We need to add Canada, Europe, Korea, and Japan, all of us, to have the possibility of competing in scale with China. By fighting with Canada, essentially, we’re making both of ourselves weaker in the bigger trade fight with China.
Q. Trump seems to be more interested in dealmaking with China, rather than coming up with a coordinated and collective response with like-minded countries on China.
A. The U.S. is not large enough by itself to tackle the problem that China poses. It would also be a lot cheaper for us if we share the costs of taking on China; the costs of incentivizing companies to create new supply chains out of China, through subsidies as the Trump administration is doing now for companies to do mining and processing for critical minerals so that we’re not as dependent on China. Tariffs impose costs on Americans, but if we have other countries that are having similar kinds of policies, they can share in those costs with us. Americans alone would not bear the burden of creating these alternative supply chains outside of China, so that we’re not vulnerable to acts of Chinese coercion.
Q. I think your argument may have some resonance with President Trump, since he demands greater burden sharing among allies. But there are concerns that tariffs are eroding traditional security alliances, just as we are seeing with the escalation of U.S-Canada conflict.
A. President Trump isn’t wrong about everything. We have to treat this burden sharing differently, given the new costs to deal with these new threats and to fight this new kind of trade war. A lot of America’s trading partners and allies have been very hesitant to do anything about the China problem, just expecting the U.S. to handle it. But Chinese export restrictions in 2025 on rare earth permanent magnets and Nexperia export restrictins impacted automotive supply chains in Europe, Japan, and Korea. Hopefully everyone has woken up to the serious threat.
The problem is, while countries have been woken up to that threat, they’re spending most of their time having to deal with the threat that President Trump is imposing on them through tariffs.
Q. On U.S.-ROK relations, tensions are ongoing over Korea’s pledges to invest in the U.S., the issue of Coupang. Now Samsung Electronics and SK Hynix are faced with growing pressure to expand memory production in the U.S.
A. It is challenging because Korean companies have already made tremendous investments in the U.S. over the last five years, with the CHIPS Act and the Inflation Reduction Act.
Memory is a special industry at a special moment in time, with the AI boom and the shortage of memory. Korean companies have made commitments to do big investments expanding their production capacity, mainly here in Korea. Certainly, the American government would like them to do some of that in the U.S.
Q. What realistic policy and business options does South Korea have to manage the U.S. demands for investment in memory facilities?
A. When it comes to security and resilience of supply chains, there could be arguments for doing more prodction in the U.S. or outside of Korea. As with TSMC in Taiwan, too much production of one thing in one geographic location can be really risky. Taiwan is subject to earthquakes, and now with climate change, there are typhoons, droughts, wildfires, and all kinds of risks to geographically concentrated production. The same risks to some extent apply to Korea. You do want to have a little bit more diversification, even though that’s going to be more expensive.
Whether that should be part of this deal with the Trump administration, there’s a big question about whether that deal is a good deal in the first place. But there are definitely arguments for partners and allies to better align their policies together to make sure that they’re doing things in a coordinated fashion so we’re not competing with each other.
We are worried that Chinese firms might enter the memory space. Chinese firms already have a growing presence in low-end legacy chips and logic space, and a growing presence in assembly, test, and packaging. The fact that Nexperia wafers manufactured at facilities in Europe had to be flown back to China for packaging and finishing is what gave the Chinese government the ability to impose those export restrictions last year. Still, it’s going to take three to five years before those facilities would come into operation, so it’s not going to resolve the memory shortage problem that we have today.
Q. On the artificial intelligence sector, there have been reports that the U.S. will request that allies and partners sever ties with China in terms of artificial intelligence cooperation. How should Korea respond to such a request?
A. Keep in as close communication with the U.S. administration as possible, because it’s been a little bit unclear what their ultimate objectives are.
The first Trump administration was the first to impose export controls on SMIC to address concerns about Chinese AI chip manufacturing capacity and the Biden administration went further. But then the Trump administration last year has loosened some controls to allow China to purchase some of the NVIDIA chips. The administration’s view seems to be that a way to slow the indigenous Chinese ecosystem is to flood their market with the better NVIDIA chips. Allies have to ask Washington what the policy actually is, because of potential inconsistencies. For Korea, that has significant equities and expertise, educating them about blind spots is super important.
Q. What kind of anticipation do you have for the U.S.-China summit? Do you think they would extend to some kind of a trade truce again, or would they go on the course of conflict?
A. I have very modest expectations. Trade statistics show China is not buying a whole lot more U.S. farm products, as part of the $200 billion deal from Trump‘s first term. The U.S.-China Board of Trade, as the Ambassador Greer talked about, could lower tariffs for non-sensitive products, on $30 billion worth of stuff. Given all the other tariffs imposed, China could paradoxically end up getting lower tariffs than other countries.
However, these are very minor because China has incredible leverage over rare earths and permanent magnets, which can potentially shut down the U.S. automotive industry. Until we find alternative sources of supply, China maintains this leverage and you cannot put tariffs in place to diversify away from China.
Q. On rare earths, some middle-powered countries and the U.S. are interested in initiatives to partner with other countries so they could lower dependence on China. Do you think that kind of effort will work out?
A. When I listen to Prime Minister Carney or others talk about the middle powers approach, it sounds like they want to continue to have free trade or rules-based trade with all those other countries, when all of those countries already have really low trade barriers toward China.
To create alternative supply chains for mining, refining rare earths and other critical minerals and manufacturing permanent magnets where China has over 90% of the world’s supply, you have to create incentives for massive investments. Right now those companies don’t have those incentives, because China will instruct its state-owned firms to start dumping minerals on world markets, driving down prices and making those investments unprofitable. The only way is through subsidies, price guarantees, price floors, or tariffs on Chinese products. Until middle powers get serious about those questions, I don’t see how that solves the problem, because they can still be coerced by China. Canada was hit by those Nexperia export restrictions, and Honda had to shut down some of its production in Canada.
Q. Is the U.S. leadership of any sort essential in achieving the goal set forth by middle power countries?
A. I think it makes more sense to do it with the U.S., but it also requires the U.S. to put an attractive deal on the table. I do not criticize the Canadians, Mexicans, or Koreans for saying to the U.S. that they can’t work with them on this issue because the U.S. is hitting them with tariffs. The U.S. can’t have it both ways: the U.S. can’t expect those countries to do the hard policies too, but also be hitting those countries with tariffs and imposing additional costs on them.
Q. Do you think tariffs will remain as a core element of U.S. economic statecraft regardless of electoral shifts, like in the midterm elections or government changes?
A. Normatively, a tariff targeted against China for those products is a tool of economic statecraft that can help create the incentive for companies to generate alternative sources of supply.
The positive question of whether the tariffs likely remain is yes, because it’s going to be very difficult politically for the next administration to remove many of the tariffs. One, if these tariffs, both the forced labor tariffs and the upcoming tariffs on overcapacity, remain in place, they will bring in some revenue for the U.S. government. It’s not enough to close the deficit, but still enough that it will be very difficult to get rid of them without replacing them with some other form of revenue. In the U.S. political system, unless you have all three parts of the U.S. government lined up with the same party at the same time and prioritizing tax reform, it is very difficult.
The other is the difficulty with the forced labor tariffs. To get rid of them, a politician would have to make an argument proposing to remove tariffs placed on a country for forced labor, which immediately triggers public pushback over excusing forced labor. That’s a political argument that most politicians are not going to want to engage in.
Q. That would mean that a country like Korea, heavily reliant on exports, has to learn how to live in the world with constant tariffs.
A. President Trump is fighting ten trade wars at the same time, when only the one with China is one that needs to be fought. The general idea that trade wars are here to stay in one form or another is an unfortunate new reality, which makes it very complicated for countries like Korea that are very heavily dependent on exports.
The good news is, Korean companies make things that are essential. Imagine you didn’t have Samsung and SK making memory chips for AI. Korea makes stuff that the world needs right now, and you’re going to get slightly better treatment than a lot of other countries out there because of that. Korean battery companies and shipbuilding are the world’s leaders outside of China, too. Oftentimes, it’s Korean companies that are providing those alternatives.
새만금 내부 연결도로 공사 과정에서 멸종위기 야생생물 서식지가 훼손됐다는 주장이 나왔다. 환경단체가 법정보호종 서식을 확인해 공사 중단과 현장 검증을 요구했지만 관계기관이 별다른 조치 없이 공사를 이어갔다는 것이다.
새만금상시해수유통운동본부는 지난 6일 새만금 해창갯벌 주상천 하구를 조사한 결과, 내부 연결도로 1공구 공사로 멸종위기 야생생물 Ⅱ급인 흰발농게 서식지가 훼손된 것을 확인했다고 8일 밝혔다.
운동본부는 주상천 하구 조간대의 물끝선과 염생식물을 따라 군집해 있던 흰발농게 서식지가 도로 공사로 물길이 막히고 매몰되면서 훼손됐다고 주장했다.
운동본부는 지난달 14일 해당 지역이 법정보호종의 주요 서식지라며 공사 중단을 요구했다. 이어 28일 새만금개발청·전북지방환경청·새만금위원회에 공식 요청서를 보내 법정보호종이 발견되면 공사를 중단하고 피해방지계획을 마련할 것을 촉구했다. 그러나 이후 현장 검증이나 보호 조치 없이 공사가 계속됐다고 운동본부는 밝혔다.
주상천 하구는 새만금에서도 생태적 가치가 높은 곳으로 꼽힌다. 멸종위기 야생생물 Ⅰ급인 참수리가 매년 2~3마리씩 월동하는 주요 서식지다. 국립생물자원관 자료에 따르면 2021~2025년 국내에서 확인된 참수리는 연도별 7~13마리였다. 운동본부는 이곳에서 월동하는 참수리가 전국 확인 개체수의 23~42%에 해당한다고 설명했다.
황새·저어새 등 Ⅰ급과 큰뒷부리도요·붉은어깨도요 등 Ⅱ급 멸종위기 조류도 여름부터 늦가을까지 이 일대를 찾는다. 부안 일대 하천에서 유기물이 유입돼 먹이가 풍부하고 사람의 출입이 적어 조류 서식에 유리하다는 게 운동본부의 설명이다. 실뱀장어의 주요 이동 통로이기도 하다.
운동본부는 기존 환경영향평가에 이 같은 생태적 특성과 법정보호종 서식이 충분히 반영되지 않았다고 주장했다. 서식 여부와 하구 생태계에 대한 조사도 미흡했다는 것이다.
운동본부는 새만금개발청에 내부 연결도로 1공구의 대안 노선도 제시했다. 대안 노선을 채택하면 기존 매몰 비용을 제외하고 약 500억원의 공사비를 줄이면서 주상천 하구와 인근 생태용지의 기능을 보전할 수 있다고 주장했다.
운동본부 관계자는 “실효성 있는 대안과 민원이 있었는데도 환경청이 현장 검증조차 하지 않은 것은 환경영향평가 제도의 취지를 무력화하는 것”이라며 “연결도로 공사를 중단하고 세계잼버리대회 매립지의 기존 도로를 활용하는 등 대안 노선을 검토해야 한다”고 말했다. 이어 “환경청은 생태계 훼손 현장을 신속히 검증하고 막힌 주상천 하구의 물길을 복원해야 한다”고 요구했다.

320i 장기렌트 상간녀소송 우면동싱크대막힘 효제동하수구막힘 의정부상간소송변호사 양평싱크대막힘 저축은행법인대출 암요양병원 10만원소액대출 주부주택담보대출 중고차렌터카 직장인신용대출서류 수원학교폭력변호사 중도금대출 벤츠 GLC300 장기렌트 수입차프로모션 인스타그램 팔로워 구매 모델Y 장기렌트 양육권 금호동하수구막힘 재직한달대출 투싼 리스 서초학교폭력변호사 카드현금화 수원학교폭력변호사 전문직신용대출 오장동하수구막힘 강남성범죄전문변호사 여의도동하수구막힘 직장인부채통합대출 북가좌동하수구막힘 부장검사출신변호사 이혼전문변호사추천 안양이혼전문변호사 의사대출 서대문구변기막힘 햇살론대환대출 낙원동하수구막힘 월변 포항이혼전문변호사 연체중대출 주담대금리 자동차할부 스타리아장기렌트 검사출신변호사 동선동싱크대막힘 고양이혼전문변호사 틱톡팔로워 싼타페 하이브리드 장기렌트 무이자소액대출 공릉동싱크대막힘 냉천동하수구막힘 인가결정후대출 회현동싱크대막힘 프리랜서대환대출 장기렌트카회사 다담론 장기렌트카가격비교사이트 하나장기렌트 옥수동하수구막힘 무직자무서류대출 창원이혼전문변호사 남창동하수구막힘 하남싱크대막힘 빠른이혼 신탁대출 면목동싱크대막힘 https://대전이혼전문변호사.org/ 남동구싱크대막힘 대출신청 차장검사출신변호사 천안이혼전문변호사 용답동하수구막힘 충정로동하수구막힘 홈쇼핑장기렌트카 분당불법촬영변호사 자금대출 리스와렌트차이 대신동하수구막힘 이촌동하수구막힘 부동산담보추가대출 관훈동하수구막힘 개봉동하수구막힘 채무통합 서빙고동하수구막힘 돈많이버는직업 창신동싱크대막힘 재직3개월대환대출 풍납동하수구막힘 당산동싱크대막힘 암요양병원 화물차일자리 이촌동싱크대막힘 봉원동싱크대막힘 신용회복소액대출 의정부강간변호사 흥신소 마포렌트카 수원성범죄변호사 면목동하수구막힘 장기렌트카법인 아파트월세보증금대출 대흥동싱크대막힘 갈현동싱크대막힘 위자료 은행이자율 협의이혼 사당동하수구막힘 의정부성범죄전문변호사 수원성범죄전문변호사 대전이혼전문변호사 방이동하수구막힘 잠실동하수구막힘 용인성추행변호사 기대출과다자추가대출 신탁대출 종로구하수구막힘 직장인전세대출 용인강간변호사 남양주이혼전문변호사 캐피털 수원개인회생 1박2일렌트 부동산대출 광진하수구막힘 송파구싱크대막힘 수원변호사 나의대출정보 5000만원대출 서초구싱크대막힘 월렌트 신내동하수구막힘 석관동싱크대막힘 단기렌터카가격비교 대구이혼전문변호사 역촌동하수구막힘 안산피부과 주택신용대출 남양주이혼전문변호사 전문직대출 수원성범죄변호사 중랑싱크대막힘 40만원대출 여주싱크대막힘 SBI햇살론 신차장기렌트견적비교 편도렌트 의정부이혼전문변호사 300대출 대출조회신용점수 미근동하수구막힘 인공수정 후기 상간남소송 대구이혼전문변호사 100만원급전 온라인전세대출 채무통합대환 남양주학교폭력변호사 스포티지 리스 장기렌트문의 아파트대출 용인이혼전문변호사 전연령장기렌트카 아산싱크대막힘 빠른이혼 네이버키워드광고 미니쿠퍼 3도어 리스 의정부성범죄전문변호사 이혼소송 2개월렌트 현대 스타리아 장기렌트 법인렌트 월계동하수구막힘 성남법무법인 송파동싱크대막힘 혜화동하수구막힘 용인형사전문변호사 근로자저금리대출 10등급저신용자대출 개인회생소액대출 동작동하수구막힘 천연동하수구막힘 부동산대출계산기 동탄치과 즉시출고 대흥동하수구막힘 차량리스렌트 수원하수구막힘 LTV 장기렌트견적 모바일당일대출 급전필요할때 성남성범죄전문변호사 개인회생담보대출 수원검사출신변호사 수원형사변호사 이혼상담 햇살론조건 포천하수구막힘 문해력 책 화물운송자격시험 현대 그랜저 장기렌트 봉천동하수구막힘 GV80 장기렌트 수원강제추행변호사 경주이혼전문변호사 인터넷소액대출 금천구싱크대막힘 기초수급자대출 양구싱크대막힘 아이오닉5N장기렌트 하루렌트 1억대출 양천구싱크대막힘 모바일비상금대출 용인형사전문변호사 볼보 장기렌트 관철동하수구막힘 부천이혼전문변호사 국민행복드림대출 통인동하수구막힘 청파동하수구막힘 수원학교폭력변호사 인사동하수구막힘 저축은행순위 방학동하수구막힘 사업자대환대출 광명변기막힘 랜트카대여 중금리대환대출 기대출과다대출 산천동하수구막힘 피망포커칩시세 분당강간변호사 용인대형로펌 자동차6개월렌트 일원동하수구막힘 현대 그랜저 장기렌트 부천변기막힘 3000만원대출 한남동하수구막힘 사회복지사대출 자동차장기렌트비교 횡성변기막힘 강남하수구막힘 상간녀위자료 안산이혼전문변호사 인천이혼전문변호사 KGM 티볼리 장기렌트 렌터카비교 재직한달대출 아파트대출 망원동하수구막힘 무직자개인대출 피망포커칩 구리학교폭력변호사 을지로동하수구막힘 대부중개업체 의정부상간소송변호사 구로구하수구막힘 용인불법촬영변호사 수원소년재판변호사 중화동하수구막힘 의정부이혼전문변호사 소호론 효창동하수구막힘 재직3개월대출 피망뉴베가스머니상 수원회생 저신용소액대출 대환대출자격조건 권농동하수구막힘 대전이혼전문변호사 홍파동싱크대막힘 남양주변기막힘 미납대출 환승론 수원법무법인 대출한도조회 후순위담보 도화동하수구막힘 위례요양병원 강동구변기막힘 수원개인회생 의정부법률사무소 상간녀소송 중고차렌트승계 수원강제추행변호사 피망포커칩시세 협의이혼 서린동하수구막힘 수원리딩방사기변호사 저신용자대환대출 저축은행공인인증서 구기동하수구막힘 50대출 웹사이트상위노출 신용대출 현대자동차견적내기 동소문동하수구막힘 수원형사변호사 피망포커칩 EV4 리스 인천이혼전문변호사 양화동하수구막힘 싼타페 장기렌트 승소사례 개인회생주택담보대출 외발산동하수구막힘 행촌동하수구막힘 돈구하는방법 마포동싱크대막힘 도봉구싱크대막힘 홈페이지상위노출 분당강제추행변호사 직장인대출1억 탐정사무소 인스타 팔로워 구매 휘경동하수구막힘 안양법무법인 영등포동하수구막힘 양평동싱크대막힘 개인회생대출 분당성추행변호사 대조동하수구막힘 내수동싱크대막힘 안산이혼변호사 단기소액대출 채무통합상담 수서동하수구막힘 전환대출 항암요양병원 이혼재산분할 청암동하수구막힘 숭인동하수구막힘 평동싱크대막힘 용인성범죄전문변호사 주부대출조건 동탄치과 주택담보대출 구산동하수구막힘 토정동하수구막힘 사이트 상위노출 장충동하수구막힘 재직1개월미만대출 천안이혼전문변호사 개인사채 법인월렌트 대출모집인 시험관성공률 대출금리비교 인터넷은행 탐정사무소 대구이혼전문변호사 구미이혼전문변호사 제네시스 G80 장기렌트 브랜드이모티콘 아파트대환대출 삼전동싱크대막힘 원효로하수구막힘 용인성범죄변호사 공평동싱크대막힘 상간녀소송 비상금대출 저금리대출 강동싱크대막힘 부채통합대출 수원강제추행변호사 훈정동하수구막힘 무직자캐피탈대출 자동차단기대여 온수동하수구막힘 소액결제상품권 하계동하수구막힘 신용9등급대출 신용회복중대출 피망베가스머니상 유튜브 구독자 늘리기 인천이혼전문변호사 네이버 상위노출 의정부학교폭력변호사 고양이혼전문변호사 사이트 상단노출 전세보증금반환대출 2박3일렌트 녹번동하수구막힘 무직자담보대출 시흥하수구막힘 수유동하수구막힘 성남상간소송변호사 3개월렌터카 경기광주하수구막힘 의정부대형로펌 무방문무서류대출 대환대출금리 재산분할 무설정담보대출 카니발 장기렌트 의정부법무법인 양육권 이혼소송 피망뉴베가스머니상 평택이혼전문변호사 천안이혼전문변호사 동탄치과 월세보증금대출 용인이혼변호사 광진싱크대막힘 파인론 네이버 홈페이지 상위노출 청암동싱크대막힘 후암동하수구막힘 용인변호사 저동하수구막힘 수원상간소송변호사 제네시스 g80 장기렌트 대조동싱크대막힘 양주하수구막힘 영등포동하수구막힘 800만원대출 여의도동싱크대막힘 입정동하수구막힘 광희동하수구막힘 도선동싱크대막힘 렌트카저렴 직장인단기대출 남양주이혼변호사 북가좌동하수구막힘 장기차렌트 4대보험가입자대출 화천싱크대막힘 의정부부장검사출신변호사 안산음주운전변호사 노원구변기막힘 신세계대출 교북동싱크대막힘 햇살론직장인 장기렌트장점 구미이혼전문변호사 자동차렌탈비용 문해력훈련 효제동하수구막힘 수원변호사 사잇돌대환대출 대출조건 삼성동하수구막힘 셀토스 장기렌트 상간녀위자료 해피론 개인회생대출 강남성범죄변호사 포항이혼전문변호사 수입차렌트 외국인장기렌트카 인의동하수구막힘 이혼소송 시험관시술과정 6개월단기렌트 천만원대출 수원성범죄변호사 청년소액대출 승소사례 서초구변기막힘 서교동하수구막힘 상호저축은행 스타리아 장기렌트 안산이혼전문변호사 의정부성범죄전문변호사 인가후대출 트립닷컴 할인코드 르노 콜레오스 리스 웹사이트상위노출 답십리동하수구막힘 재직6개월대출 수원음주운전변호사 https://대성기획탐정사무소컨설팅.com/ 청진동하수구막힘 단기자금 소액급전 중장비대출 평동하수구막힘 장기렌트카조건 저축은행대출잘나오는곳 용인불법촬영변호사 대전이혼전문변호사 현대경차 수원강간변호사 송정동하수구막힘 의정부법무법인 성수동하수구막힘 성산동하수구막힘 신용보증재단대출 수원이혼변호사 위자료 용인법무법인 분당강간변호사 수원이혼전문변호사 개인대출정보조회 60대일자리 광진구변기막힘 야간대출 도렴동하